高三英语教案:《范文动词和动词词组复习》教学设计
52fw.cn 04-17 次遇见 本文题目:高三英语复习教案:动词和动词词组复习
【备考策略】
动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。
I.动词的分类
根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
1.行为动词(实义动词)
①及物动词:带宾语的动词
②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词
注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
It is important for you to learn how to learn.
第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
He is working hard at English.
③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)
2.系动词
①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound
②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow
③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay
注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
请看下列这道选择题:
good,the food has been sold out.
A.Tasted B.Having been Tasted C.Tasting D.To taste
本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选A或B。其实taste在本句中是连系动
词,应该选C才对=Because the food tastes good,…
3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等
II.短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点
1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)
注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开
She turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。
She gave them away.她送掉了它们。
③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话
put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。
④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异。
break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 break down出毛病hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完
set out出发 take out取出 work out算出 come down落下来
get down下车 take down取下 write down写下
2.动词+介词(及物)
I'm looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。
②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
look after照料,look at看,look for寻找
3.动词+副词+介词
I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
注意:“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”,这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。
In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
III.动词及短语动词词义辨析
动词及短语动词是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空等题型中,动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指:
1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析;
4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。
5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。
动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累,考生才能在高考中应付自如。
IV.动词和短语动词的常见辨析方法
(一)从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析
1.宾语不同,意义也不同
go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)
regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)
forget doing (忘记已做过的事) forget to do(忘记要去干的事)
remember doing(记得已做过的事) remember to do(记住要去干的事)
mean doing(意味着干) mean to do(想干…)
try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)
consider doing(考虑去做) consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了)
2.接宾语或宾补(主补),形式有不同
某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补(主
补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。
We forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词)
We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补,用动词不定式)
You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补,用动词不定式)
3.宾语形式不同,意义相同
有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表
被动意义),两种形式意义相同。
The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning
4.主动形式表示“被动”意义的动词
有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:
My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。
Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。
5.意义上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词
buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西;spend/take都可指花时间;但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上
有较大的区别。
The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.
He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch.
It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.
He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.
He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.
以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎买了这只手表。
(二)从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析
词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。
1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析
如有无介词for,意义不同:answer(回答)/answer for(对……负责、偿还)
常见的还有:
search(对人、物或场所搜查)/search for(搜寻人、物或场所)
leave(离开某地)/leave for(去某地) reach(到达;拿到)/reach for(伸手去拿)
prepare(准备)/prepare for(为…作准备) enter(进入)/enter for(报名参加)
run(经营;跑)/run for(竞选) stand(站;忍受)/stand for(代表)
pay(付钱、债给某人)/pay for(付钱买某物)
2.以意义为突破口进行辨析
①意义内涵不同型:几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。
defend, protect, guard 都与 “保护”有关。
defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。
protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力,外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。
guard 指小心警惕,防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。
They raised a large army to defend the country.
他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。
The entrance to the palace were well guarded.
进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。
Clothing is worn to protect us from cold.
穿衣服是为了御寒。
②动作结果不同型:动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。
advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)
I advised him but I couldn’t persuade him. 我劝过他,但未能劝服他。
这类常见的动词还有:
look for(寻找)/find(找到)
look(看)/see(看见)
listen(听)/hear(听到)
try(试 图,不说明是否成功)/manage(设法,侧重做到)
③动作状态不同型:begin(开映:动作非延续性)/be on(开映:状态延续性)
The film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour. 电影5点开映,已开映半小时了。
④客观主观不同型:receive(客观上:收到)/accept(主观上:受到)
I received her present but I didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物,但没有接受。
⑤直接间接不同型:hear(直接:听)/hear of(间接:听说)
I heard him singing. 我听到她在唱歌。
I have heard of him.我听说过他的有关情况。
V.重点所要背诵的短语动词
根据笔者对2006-2009四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计(见文后的附录),我们建议考生2010复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下(仅供参考):
1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组
accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪
add to 增添
add up 加起来
add up to 加起来达……,合计达……
adapt…to使……适应
adjust…to使……适应
agree with同意某人意见(接sb.或idea, view等);适应;与……一致
agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议
answer for对……负责
apply for申请,请求
appeal for恳求,呼吁
attach…to…将……系在…..,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在……
approve of赞成
apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉
be absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……
be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于……
be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋……
be admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取
be annoyed with sb. at/about sth
2.以break为中心的词组
break away from脱离,逃离,打破
break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱
break in闯进,打断;使顺服
break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始
break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚
break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止
break through 突破,克服,挤过去
break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束
3.以build为中心的词组
build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望
build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴
4.以burst为中心的词组
burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现
burst in 闯进,突然出现
burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出
burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊
burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
5.以 bring为中心的词组
bring about导致,引起,促使
bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复
bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落
bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,提出
bring forward 提出
bring into action 使行动起来,使生效
bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,
bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产
bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期
bring to mind 使想起,回忆起
bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止
6.以call为中心的词组
call at 访问(某地),停泊在
call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开
call for 需要,要求,接(某人),
call in 召集,收集,请入,引入
call off 取消,下令停止
call on 拜访(某人),号召
call out 大声喊,唤起
call up 打电话给…; 召集; 使想起
7.以carry为中心的词组
carry about 随身携带
carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑
carry back 拿回,运回,使想起
carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成
carry off 带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)
carry on 坚持,继续,进行
carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成
carry through 坚持到底,贯彻,完成
8.以catch为中心的词组
be caught doing被发现做某事
be caught in the rain淋雨
catch /take fire 着火
be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞
catch one’sword听懂某人的话
catch sight of发现,瞥见
catch sb’s attention引起某人注意
catch the point of 抓住…的要点
9.以clear为中心的词组
clear away 扫除,消除
clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停
clear out 清除,扫出
clear up(天)变晴;打扫,消除
10..以come为中心的词组
come aboutvi.发生,改变方向
come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付
come at达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击
come back回来;恢复,复原
come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒
come into being发生,产生,出现,形成
come into power开始执政,当权,当选
come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行
come into existence形成,产生,开始存在
come into fashion开始流行
come into operation开始运转,实施,生效
come into use开始使用,获得应用
come round/around 拜访,绕道
come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到
come to an agreement 达成协议
come to a conclusion 得出结论
come to a decision 作出决定
come to an end终止,结束
come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,
come to an understanding 取得谅解
when it comes to…就…而论,谈到
come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白
come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生
come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来
come to oneself苏醒
come true实现,成为现实;证实
come up走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽,上来;(问题)被提出;(风浪)猛烈起来
11.以compare为中心的词组
be compared to 被比作,与…相比
be compared with与…相比
beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的
compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记
compare …to…把..比作,把…与…相比
compare …with…把…与…相比
12.以devote为中心的词组
be devoted to 贡献给,致力于
devote one’s attention to 专心于
devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于,致力于
devote to献身于,专心于
13.以divide为中心的词组
be divided by…被…除
be divided on…对于…有分歧
divide sth. among / between…在…之间分配
divide A from B 把A同B分开
divide…into… 把…分成
divide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配
14.以die为中心的词组
die away渐熄(减弱,消失) 侧重于减弱直至“消失”(尤其指声音,光,风)
die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)
die of 死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)
die from 死于(灾害、事故等外因)
die off死去
die out 灭绝,消失,熄灭
15.以do为中心的词组
do a good deed做一件好事
do the deed 付诸行动,生效
do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费
do /cause damage to 损害
do good to (=do sb. good)有益于
do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于
do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人
do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力
do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人
do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新
do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)
do without不需要…也行,不用
16.以 drive为中心的词组
drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶
drive off 驱散
drive out 逐出,乘车出去
drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)
drive sb.mad 使某人发疯
17.以fall为中心的词组
fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
fall back撤退,后退
fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
fall in love with…爱上(某人)
fall into a habit of 养成…习惯
fall off 掉下,衰退,减少
fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解
fall into ruins 成为废墟
18.以fix为中心的词组
fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间
fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供
fix on / upon 确定,决定
fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视,凝视
fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在
19.以get为中心的词组
get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传
get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常
get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
get ahead of胜过,超过
get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
get along with与……相处
get around 走动,传播,影响,说服
get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假
get back取回,回来;报复
get close to 接近,靠近
get down to认真对待,静下心来
get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住
get in touch with…与…取得联系
get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债
get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身
get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成
get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格
get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见
20.以give为中心的词组
give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发
give back归还,反射
give forth发出,放出;发表
give in屈服,让步,投降
give off发出(烟,气味)
give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完
give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生
give up放弃;停止
give way to让步,退却;屈服于
given that…假定,给定,已知
21.以go为中心的词组
go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传
go across 度过,越过
go after 追逐,追求,跟随
go against 反对,不利于
go ahead 前进,进展,继续
go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴
go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走
go back to 追溯至
go bad 变坏,腐败
go beyond 超过,胜过
go by 经过,过去
go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静
go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)
go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事, 为…而努力
go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究
go off 走开,爆炸
go on 继续,接下去
go on to do 接着做(另一件事)
go on doing 继续做(同一件事)
go on with…继续做,忍受
go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休
go over 温习,检查,越过
go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受
go up 上升,上涨,攀登
go without 无需,没有…也行
go wrong 出故障,走错路
22.以hold为中心的词组
hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留
hold to / by 坚持,固守
hold down 压制,压低,缩减
hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开
hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张
hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞
hold with 和…意见一致,赞成
23.以keep为中心的词组
keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离
keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒
keep company with…和…结交
keep …from…阻止
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触
keep off 不接近,远离
keep on doing 继续,不停地做
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
keep out 使…不入内
keep pace with…跟上,同…步调一致
keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持
keep up with…赶上,跟上 ,与…并肩前进
keep watch 守望,值班,注意
24.以lay为中心的词组
lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏
lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲
lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止
lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏
25.以leave为中心的词组
leave about乱放,乱丢
leave alone 听任,任其自然
leave…as it is.听其自然
leave behind 留下,忘记携带
leave for (离开某地)去某地
leave out 省去,遗漏,不把…计算在内
leave off 停止,脱去,戒除
leave office 离职,下台
leave over 留下,剩下,延期
leave room for 为…让出地方
leave school 毕业
leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.
leave sb, sth. 把…交给/留给某人
leave word / a message 留言,留信
26.以look为中心的词组
look about四下环顾;查看
look after照顾,看管
look around东张西望
look back on / upon …回顾
look down on /upon俯视;轻视
look forward to盼望,期待
look into窥视;调查;浏览
look on /upon旁观;面向
look on / upon …as…把…看作
look out向外看;注意;当心,提防
look over从上面看过去;检查,忽略
look through透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查
look to 面向,注意
look up 查阅,仰视,涨价
look up to仰望,尊敬
27.以make为中心的词组
be made from由……原料制成
be made (out) of由……材料制成
be made up of由……组成
make an appointment with sb.与…约定
make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要
make a fool of愚弄,欺骗
make a point 阐述观点
make a point of doing强调;决心,坚持
make a will 立下遗嘱
make advantages/use of使用,利用
make believe假装
make certain / sure确信,把……弄清楚
make contact with 接通,与……接触,与……联系
make for去向,向……前进;有利于
make oneself at home随便,别拘束
make oneself understood 让别人理解自己
make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认
make preparations for为…作准备
make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视
make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例
make up to 接近,巴结;向……求爱
make way for 为……让路,高三六校联考 12)
---- Did you see Jay Chou at his album signing?
---- Not really. We waited in line for an hour, only to be ______ at the door.
A. turned away B. turned out C. turned off D. turned up
2.(浙江省2012届高三六校联考,14)Parents who _____ to sing to their children may help with children’s development of language skills.
A. add B. tend C. amount D. focus
3.(浙江省2012届重点中学协作体高三第二学期3月调研,12)
---Did you enjoy the movie?
---Sure, it is _____ a beautiful country town with a variety of cultures.
A. put on B. set in C. taken on D. got in
4.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,5)Fully ________ in doing the housework, she doesn’t have time to enjoy various activities in the club any longer.
A. attached B. occupied C. contributed D. devoted
5.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,13)In the questionnaire, the subjects are questioned whether they ________ no smoking in the public area.
A. agree B. comment C. advocate D. conduct 6.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟 ,14 )
--- Mom, I can’t see any point in working hard at all the subjects at school.
--- Come on, dear. Years of hard work will surely ________in the future of your career.
A. make out B. pay off C. bring back D. get away
7.(浙江省苍南县灵溪中学2012届高三高考模拟,18)These chemicals in the food supply ________ in people’s bodies over time.
A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up
8.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考 ,22)The car was out of order halfway and the heavy snow also______ the helplessness of the woman driver.
A. added to B. resulted from
C. turned out D. made up
9.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考,24)
—Isn’t David an efficient manager?
—Er, David is really great but sometimes he has problems ______ his ideas.
A. getting around B. getting along
C. getting across D. getting off
10.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考 ,26)She______ in a chair with a book and a cup of tea, watching TV.
A. seated B. settled down
C. settled on D. settled
11.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月考,22)A truly creative pe rson can tell the same story time after time and still ______ with fresh ideas.
A. come along B. come on
C. come up D. come out
12.(浙江省苍南县树人中学2012届高三第一次月,34)Oprah(奥普拉), the queen of American daytime talk TV, is_____ one of the most powerful women in the world.
A. raised B. recognized
C. requested D. recommended
B组 2010-2011年全国高考题组
1.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,5)The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was ______ on the radio yesterday.
A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out
2.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,6)When asked to move away, the other three _____ but Mary was unwilling to do so.
A. adopted B. confirmed C. advocated D. submitted
3.(2010学年浙江省第二次五校联考,8)Was the large amount of wood ______ our bridge cut from that large forest a long time ago?
A. used to build B. used to building
C. was used to building D. was used to build
4.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟,5)I’ve read a variety of science fictions, but few of them the one that you lent me yesterday.
A.suit B.compare C.match D.beat
5.(宁波效实中学2011年高三模拟,6)Could you please tell me where you bought the dress you yesterday?
A.tried on B.put on C.had on D.pulled on
6.(2010-2011学年尔雅高考新课标第三次模拟预测卷,9)To the great disappointment of the poor peasant workers, a great part of their salaries were _____ by the boss for no right reason.
A. kept away B. kept off C. kept back D. kept up
7.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,21)The moment I saw her, I _________ her, although she changed a lot through years.
A. know B. realized C. recognized D. noticed
8.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,22)You’d better ________ your coins, and see how long you can last.
A. add up to B. add to C. add up D. add
9.(浙江省长兴三中2010届高三第一次月考,24)He spends all his spare time collecting stamps. He seems to _____ this.
A. be crazy about B. be concerned about
C. be native to D. play a part in
10. (杭十四中2009学年第一学期9月月考,17) The further falling of the stock market as reported today has ______a fresh wave of selling.
A. give off B. set off C. put off D. got off
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